State History

Wisconsin History Guide

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Kickapoo Indians

The region known today as the Wisconsin state was the ancestral home of Native American tribes long before any European set foot in the area. The Dakota, Kickapoo, Menominee, Sioux and Winnebago are some of the tribes that lived in this region and were found by the first French explorers.

In 1634, while looking for a northwest passage to China, the French explorer Jean Nicolet was the first European to reach the area, coming ashore in what is now the city of Green Bay. Fur traders and missionaries arrived about 25 years later. The next major expedition into Wisconsin was that of Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet in 1673. After hearing rumors from Indians telling of the existence of the Mississippi River, Marquette and Joliet set out from St. Ignace, Michigan and entered the Fox River at Green Bay. Father Jacques Marquette They canoed up the Fox until they reached the river's westernmost point, and then portaged, or carried their boats, to the nearby Wisconsin River, where they resumed canoeing downstream to the Mississippi River. Marquette and Joliet reached the Mississippi near what is now Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin in June 1673.

The French and Indian Wars (1689-1763) were fought between France and Great Britain for claim to American land. In 1763, Britain received all French territory east of the Mississippi River, including Wisconsin. In 1774, the Quebec Act gave the Wisconsin region to Quebec. This along with restricted trade and rising taxes caused the American Revolutionary War. At the end of this war in 1783, all territory east of the Mississippi and south of the Great Lakes became the United States of America. In 1787, Wisconsin lands became a part of America's Northwest Territory, and in 1800, a part of the Indiana Territory. Later, it was merged into both the Illinois and Michigan territories.

Father Jacques Marquette

Miners began settling southwestern Wisconsin after the discovery of lead ore during the 1820s and Native Americans fought to keep their lands. The subsequent Black Hawk War and its final battle, the Battle of Bad Axe, resulted in the deaths (or massacre) of hundreds of Indians, and literally ended any future threat of Native American attacks. At the end of the war only about 150 Indians were still alive.

Without the threat of Indian raids, thousands of settlers moved into Wisconsin. On May 29, 1848, Wisconsin became the 30th state of the Union.

Republican Party

In 1854, Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act. This act allowed settlers of the two states to decide the question of slavery in their state. Many Wisconsinites opposed slavery and held a meeting to protest the possibility of slavery within the new states. This meeting in Ripon, led to the foundation of the Republican Party.

During America's Civil War (1861-1865), Wisconsin remained a member of the Union, and over 90,000 of its men marched off to war. Although Wisconsin was detached from the hostilities, its soldiers participated in many battles of that bloody war, and nearly 4,000 of its bravest were killed in action.

The tragic events of World War I (1914-1918) certainly slowed Wisconsin's economic boom, but it was the Great Depression (1929-1939) that played real havoc, especially in the industrialized Milwaukee area.

Milwaukee

World War II (1939-1945) was a comeback of sorts for Wisconsin as the state participated aggressively in producing products for that war effort; shipbuilding proved a major catalyst for new jobs and many spin-off businesses. Later in the century high-tech and service industries rose to prominence, and Milwaukee's beer business exploded with growth.

Wisconsin is a leading state in milk and cheese production. Other important farm products are peas, beans, beets, corn, potatoes, oats, hay, and cranberries.

The chief industrial products of the state are automobiles, machinery, furniture, paper, beer, and processed foods. Wisconsin ranks second among the 47 paper-producing states. The state's mines produce copper, iron ore, lead, and zinc.

Mixed Forest Wisconsin

Wisconsin is a pioneer in social legislation, providing pensions for the blind (1907), aid to dependent children (1913), and old-age assistance (1925). In labor legislation, the state was the first to enact an unemployment compensation law (1932) and the first in which a workman's compensation law actually took effect. In 1984, Wisconsin became the first state to adopt the Uniform Marital Property Act.

The state has over 14,000 lakes, of which Winnebago is the largest. Water sports, ice-boating, and fishing are popular, as are skiing and hunting. The 95 state parks, forests, and recreation areas take up one-seventh of the land.


Wisconsin Famous People


  • Don Ameche (1908 - 1993) Actor who won an Academy Award for his performance in Cocoon; born in Kenosha.
  • Richard I. Bong (1920 - 1945)America's leading air ace during World War II; born in Superior.
  • Seymour Cray (1925 - 1996) Developed the super-computer; born in Chippewa Falls.
  • August Derleth (1909 - 1971) Author; born in Sauk City.
  • Eric Heiden (1958 - ) Five-time gold medallist speed skater of the 1980 Winter Olympics; born in Madison.
  • Harry Houdini (1874 - 1926) Famous magician and escape artist; from Appleton.
  • Pee Wee King (1914 - 2000) Singer and an important figure in country music; born in Milwaukee.
  • Liberace (1919 - 1987) Famous musician ;born in West Allis.
  • Douglas MacArthur (1880 - 1964) Well-known WWII and Korean war general; lived in Milwaukee.
  • Golda Meir (1898 - 1978) Israel's first woman prime minister; raised in Milwaukee.
  • Tom Snyder (1936 - 2007) Radio talk-show host; born in Milwaukee.
  • Frank Lloyd Wright (1867 - 1959) America's most famous architect; born in Richland Center.
  • Tom Wopat (1951 - ) Played Luke Duke in the hit television series, "Dukes Of Hazard"; born on a small dairy farm in Lodi.
  • Gene Wilder (1935 - ) Actor made famous in Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory; born in Milwaukee.
  • Laura Ingalls Wilder (1867 - 1957) Author of the Little House books;born in Pepin.
Wisconsin

Wisconsin History Timeline
arrow (1634) French explorer, Jean Nicolet, arrived in the Green Bay area

arrow (1666) Nicolas Perrot began fur trade with Indians

arrow (1673) Water route from Lake Michigan to Mississippi River explored by Louis Jolliet and Father Jacques Marquette

arrow (1678) Daniel Greysolon Sieur du Lhut explored western end of Lake Superior

arrow (1754 - 1763) French and Indian War

arrow (1755) British General Braddock defeated by Wisconsin Indians, led by Charles Langlade

arrow (1763) Control of Wisconsin area transferred to England under Treaty of Paris at end of French and Indian War

arrow (1764) Charles Langlade established first permanent Euro-American settlement at Green Bay

arrow (1774) The Quebec Act incorporates all of Wisconsin lands into the Province of Quebec

arrow (1783) U. S. took control of Wisconsin Region in second Treaty of Paris

arrow (1787) Wisconsin became part of U. S. Northwest Territory, British fur traders continued to control region

arrow (1814) Fort Shelby built at Prairie du Chien, captured by British, name changed to Fort McKay

arrow (1815) British abandoned Fort McKay

arrow (1816) Astor's American Fur Company began operating in Wisconsin

arrow (1818) Wisconsin area included in Michigan Territory; territorial governor created two Wisconsin counties: Brown and Crawford

arrow (1822) Indians from New York moved to Wisconsin; lead mining began in southwestern Wisconsin

arrow (1825) U. S. and Indian representatives met at Prairie Du Chien, signed Treaty of Prairie Du Chien establishing tribal boundaries

arrow (1831) Survey of public lands began by Lucius Lyon

arrow (1836) U.S. Congress created Territory of Wisconsin; Madison selected as territorial capital

arrow (1837) All territorial banks failed in Panic of 1837; Winnebago Indians ceded claim to all land in Wisconsin

arrow (1848) Wisconsin became 30th U. S. state; first telegram reached Milwaukee

arrow (1851) First railroad opened between Milwaukee and Waukesha

arrow (1854) Republican Party founded in Ripon; fugitive slave, Joshua Glover, arrested in Racine; Wisconsin Supreme Court declared Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 unconstitutional

arrow (1856) Margarethe Meyer Schurz opened first kindergarten in U. S. at Watertown

arrow (1861 - 1865) Civil War; over 90,000 men from Wisconsin served in Union forces; 12,216 died

arrow (1862) Governor Louis Harvey drowned

arrow (1864) Cheese factory started at Ladoga in Fond du Lac County

arrow (1868) C. L. Sholes patented typewriter

arrow (1871) Forest fire devastated Peshtigo area, over 1,200 died

arrow (1875) Oshkosh nearly destroyed by fire

arrow (1877) John T. Appleby received a patent for a knotter for twine binders

arrow (1883) Newhall House (Hotel) fire in Milwaukee killed 71; south wing of Capitol extension collapsed

arrow (1886) Workers in Bay View struck for eight-hour work day; five died after confrontations with militia

arrow (1887) Marshfield nearly destroyed by fire

arrow (1889) Bennett Law enacted, required classroom instruction to be in English; Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled reading and prayers from King James Bible in public schools was prohibited

arrow (1891) Bennett Law repealed after intense disagreements with German Protestants and Catholics

arrow (1899) Lumber boom in northern Wisconsin, 3.4 billion board feet harvested in one year; Antipass law enacted prohibiting railroads from giving free rides to public officials; tornado struck New Richmond, killed 117, injured 125, village nearly destroyed

arrow (1900) Census Bureau reported seven of ten Wisconsin residents were born in a foreign country or had parents born abroad

arrow (1901) First Wisconsin-born Governor, Robert M. LaFollette, inaugurated

arrow (1904) State Capitol burned

arrow (1911) John Schwister of Wausau, flew first home-built airplane in the state

arrow (1913) Workmen's Compensation Act enacted

arrow (1917) Many African-Americans moved to Wisconsin cities of Racine, Beloit, Milwaukee from rural South; U. S. entered World War I; 120,000 soldiers from Wisconsin served, nearly 4,000 died

arrow (1919) Wisconsin Legislature ratified nineteenth amendment (women's suffrage); became first state to deliver ratification to Congress; E. L. "Curly" Lambeau started Green Pay Packers football team

arrow (1920) League of Women Voters founded by Carrie Chapman Catt of Ripon

arrow (1932) Wisconsin passed first unemployment legislation law in U. S.

arrow (1933) Dairy farmers out on strike

arrow (1934) Wisconsin Progressive Party founded

arrow (1941 - 1945) World War II; 375,000 Wisconsinites served, (including 9,000 women), 7,980 died

arrow (1946) Progressive Party dissolved, members rejoined Republican Party

arrow (1953) Braves baseball team moved to Milwaukee; Hank Aaron signed contracts with Milwaukee Braves

arrow (1957) Milwaukee Braves won World Series

arrow (1958) UW geneticist, Joshua Lederberg, won Nobel Prize for Medicine

arrow (1965) Legislation passed banned housing discrimination

arrow (1965 Milwaukee Braves moved to Atlanta; Grand jury investigated illegal lobbying activities in legislature

arrow (1967) Race riots held in Milwaukee; protests held by students at University of Wisconsin in Madison resulted in confrontations and many injuries; Green Bay Packers won first Super Bowl

arrow (1968) Demonstration at Wisconsin State University - Oshkosh resulted in 90 African-American students being expelled for damage to the administration building; Green Bay Packers won Super Bowl

arrow (1969) Student strikes at UW in Madison demanded Black studies department, National Guard activated; Wisconsin's Interstate Highway System completed

arrow (1970) Anti-war protestors bombed Research Building at UW in Madison, one death; arson suspected in fire at "Old Main" at UW in Whitewater

arrow (1974) Democrats gained control of both houses; Kathryn Morrison first woman elected to state senate; striking teachers in Hortonville fired

arrow (1964 - 1975) Vietnam War - 165,400 Wisconsinites served, 1,239 killed

arrow (1976) U. S. District Court ordered integration of Milwaukee schools; Exxon discovered sulfide zinc and copper deposits in Forest County; Shirley S. Abrahamson first woman appointed to serve on Wisconsin Supreme Court; ice storm blanketed most of southern Wisconsin, $50 million in damages

arrow (1977) State employees union struck, lasted 15 days, National Guard ran prisons

arrow (1980) Brother and sister, Eric and Beth Heiden of Madison, competed in Lake Placid, NY in Winter Olympics; Eric set world record, winning five gold medals in speed skating; 15,000 Cuban refugees housed at Fort McCoy for the summer

arrow (1982) Milwaukee's Jos. Schlitz Brewing Co. closed after being acquired by Stroh Brewing Co. of Detroit

arrow (1984) Tornado destroys Barneveld, nine dead

arrow (1988) Chrysler Corporation's auto assembly plant in Kenosha closed; first state lottery games started

arrow (1990) Milwaukee murders set new record, raised demands for crime and drug controls; more than 1,400 Wisconsin National Guard and Reserve soldiers called to active duty in Persian Gulf crisis, 11 died

arrow (1991) First Indian gambling contracts signed; a record 456 items in state budget vetoed by Governor Tommy Thompsom

arrow (1992) Protests by thousands of opponents were held at six abortion clinics in Milwaukee throughout summer; a major spill of toxic chemicals due to train derailment in Superior caused evacuation of over 22,000 people

arrow (1993) Cryptosoporidium in Milwaukee's water supply sickened thousands

arrow (1995) Heat wave caused 172 deaths

arrow (1996) Pabst Brewery in Milwaukee closed; train derailment at Weyauwega forced evacuation

arrow (1997) Green Bay Packers won Super Bowl

arrow (1998) Tammy Baldwin was first Wisconsin woman elected to U. S. Congress

arrow (1999) Tommy Thompson elected to fourth term as Wisconsin's Governor

arrow (2001) Legislature approved local sales tax, revenue bonds for renovation of Lambeau Field

arrow (2001) Governor Thompson assumed post of U. S. Secretary of Health and Human Services; State Senator Margaret Farrow first woman Lieutenant Governor

arrow (2008) Lake Delton in Wisconsin Dells completely drained after record rains caused its banks to burst